Structural Design
"Future Architect! Standing strong - understanding how buildings resist loads and forces. Structural knowledge is essential for safe and efficient design!"
ALE Challenge
Structural Design - the backbone of architecture!
1. Types of Loads
Dead Load (DL)
Permanent, self-weight
- Concrete: 24 kN/m3
- Steel: 77 kN/m3
- Masonry: 19-22 kN/m3
Live Load (LL)
Variable, occupancy
- Residential: 1.9 kPa
- Office: 2.4 kPa
- Assembly: 4.8 kPa
Wind Load
Lateral force from wind
Seismic Load
Earthquake forces - critical in PH!
2. Stress and Strain
Types of Stress
- Compression: Pushing force
- Tension: Pulling force
- Shear: Sliding force
- Bending: Combined C and T
Basic Formula
Stress = Force / Area
Strain = Deformation / Length
3. Structural Systems
Frame Systems
- Rigid Frame: Moment-resisting connections
- Braced Frame: Diagonal bracing
- Shear Wall: RC walls resist lateral loads
Materials
- Reinforced Concrete: Versatile, fire-resistant
- Structural Steel: High strength, fast erection
- Timber: Sustainable, good for low-rise
ALE Pro Tips - Structural Design
- - Understand load paths from roof to foundation
- - Column grid spacing affects flexibility
- - Coordinate structure with architecture
- - Consider constructability early
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