Verbal Reasoning
"Tol! Verbal Reasoning. Communication is key sa jail management. Dapat clear ang reports at documents mo - lives are at stake!"
1. Jail Service Vocabulary 📖
Tol, memorize mo ang mga technical terms na ginagamit sa BJMP. Essential para sa reports at communication!
PDL-Related Terms:
PDL - Person Deprived of Liberty
Detainee - Person awaiting trial/court decision
Sentenced Prisoner - Convicted with final verdict
Recidivist - Repeat offender
Habitual Delinquent - Third conviction of similar crime
Commitment Order - Court order for detention
Mittimus - Warrant of commitment to jail
Release Order - Court order to release PDL
Bail Bond - Security for temporary release
GCTA - Good Conduct Time Allowance
Security Terms:
Contraband - Prohibited items inside jail
Shakedown - Surprise search of cell/dormitory
Greyhound - Strip search operation
Headcount - Regular PDL counting
Lockdown - Complete facility restriction
Escort Duty - Guarding PDL during transport
Custody - Legal care and control of PDL
Security Threat Group - Gang classification
Rehabilitation Terms:
TUCP - Therapeutic Community Program
ALS - Alternative Learning System
Paralegal - Legal assistance program
Livelihood Program - Skills training for PDLs
Visitation - Family visit privileges
Carpeta - PDL personal record file
2. Grammar Essentials ✍️
Reports should be grammatically correct. Mali-maling grammar = unprofessional documents!
Subject-Verb Agreement Rules:
| Rule | Correct Example |
|---|---|
| Singular subject = singular verb | The PDL was escorted properly. |
| Plural subject = plural verb | The inmates were counted. |
| Collective noun = usually singular | The team is conducting inspection. |
| Neither/nor = verb agrees with nearest subject | Neither the warden nor the officers were present. |
Tense Consistency in Reports:
Past tense for incident reports:
"The PDL attempted to escape at 0200H. Guards responded immediately and prevented the escape."
Present tense for procedures:
"The officer checks the PDL's ID before allowing visitation."
3. Reading Comprehension Strategies 📚
Types of Questions:
1. Main Idea Questions
"What is the passage mainly about?" - Look at topic sentences
2. Detail/Fact Questions
"According to the passage..." - Find specific information
3. Inference Questions
"It can be inferred that..." - Read between lines
4. Vocabulary in Context
"The word ___ most likely means..." - Use context clues
Reading Tips:
- 1. Skim first - Get the general idea before reading in detail
- 2. Identify keywords - Look for important terms
- 3. Look at transitions - Words like "however," "therefore," "in contrast"
- 4. Note the tone - Is the author positive, negative, neutral?
- 5. Eliminate wrong answers - Cross out obviously wrong choices
4. Sentence Completion 📝
Strategy for Sentence Completion:
- Read the entire sentence first
- Look for context clues (signal words)
- Predict the answer before looking at choices
- Match your prediction with the options
- Check if the answer makes logical sense
Signal Words to Watch:
| Signal | Meaning | Example Words |
|---|---|---|
| Continuation | Same direction | and, also, moreover, furthermore |
| Contrast | Opposite direction | but, however, although, despite |
| Cause/Effect | Result relationship | because, therefore, thus, since |
| Comparison | Similarity | like, similarly, just as |
5. Analogies & Word Relationships 🔗
Common Analogy Types:
| Type | Jail Service Example |
|---|---|
| Synonym | DETAINEE : INMATE :: custody : detention |
| Antonym | FREEDOM : IMPRISONMENT :: release : commitment |
| Part to Whole | CELL : JAIL :: room : building |
| Worker to Tool | JAIL OFFICER : HANDCUFFS :: carpenter : hammer |
| Cause and Effect | CRIME : IMPRISONMENT :: violation : penalty |
6. Practice Questions 📋
1. Choose the correct word: "The PDL _____ transferred to another facility yesterday."
A) is B) was C) were D) are
View Answer
Answer: B) was - Past tense, singular subject (PDL)
2. What does "contraband" mean in jail terminology?
A) Legal documents B) Prohibited items C) Personal belongings D) Medical supplies
View Answer
Answer: B) Prohibited items - Contraband refers to items not allowed inside the jail facility.
3. JAIL OFFICER : HANDCUFFS :: nurse : _____
A) hospital B) patient C) stethoscope D) medicine
View Answer
Answer: C) stethoscope - Worker to tool relationship.
4. "Although the PDL requested bail, it was denied _____ insufficient evidence of good conduct."
A) despite B) because C) due to D) however
View Answer
Answer: C) due to - Indicates cause/reason for denial.
7. Exam Strategy Tips 🎯
- 📖 Build jail service vocabulary - Learn technical terms daily
- ✍️ Practice report writing - Incident reports need proper grammar
- 📚 Read comprehension passages - Practice with BJMP memos
- 🔗 Master analogies - Understand relationship types
- ⏱️ Time management - Don't spend too long on one question
Test Your Knowledge! 🧠
Ready ka na ba? Take the practice quiz for Verbal Reasoning to reinforce what you just learned.
Start Practice Quiz 📝