Hydraulics & Geotechnical
"Future Engineer! Dalawang major subjects in one - Hydraulics deals with water movement while Geotechnical deals with soil behavior. Both are essential for designing safe structures!"
CELE Challenge
Hydraulics and Geotechnical Engineering - the science of water and soil!
PART A: HYDRAULICS
1. Fluid Properties
Mass Density (rho)
rho = mass/volume = kg/m3
Water: rho = 1000 kg/m3 at 4 deg C
Specific Weight (gamma)
gamma = rho x g = N/m3
Water: gamma = 9.81 kN/m3
2. Key Equations
Continuity
Q = A1 x V1 = A2 x V2
Bernoulli
P1/gamma + V12/2g + z1 = P2/gamma + V22/2g + z2
Manning
V = (1/n) x R^(2/3) x S^(1/2)
PART B: GEOTECHNICAL
3. Soil Phase Relations
Void Ratio (e)
e = Vv / Vs
Porosity (n)
n = Vv / Vt = e/(1+e)
Water Content (w)
w = Ww / Ws x 100%
Key Relation
Se = wGs
4. Bearing Capacity
Terzaghi Equation
qu = cNc + gamma Df Nq + 0.5 gamma B Ngamma
q_allowable = qu / FS (typical FS = 2.5 to 3.0)
CELE Pro Tips
- - gamma_water = 9.81 kN/m3
- - Phase diagram is your best friend for soil problems
- - Fr determines flow type in open channels
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