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Nursing (PNLE)

Medical-Surgical Nursing

"Future RN! Med-Surg is the biggest part of the board exam. Focus on pathophysiology and nursing interventions. Understand the 'Why'!"

1. Diabetes Mellitus 🩸

Type 1 (IDDM)

Insulin Dependent. Beta cells destroyed. Juvenile onset. Prone to DKA.

Type 2 (NIDDM)

Insulin Resistance. Lifestyle related. Adult onset. Prone to HHS.

Common Symptoms (3 Ps):

  • Polyuria: Excessive urination
  • Polydipsia: Excessive thirst
  • Polyphagia: Excessive hunger

2. Hypertension 💔

"The Silent Killer". BP consistently > 140/90.

Management (DASH Diet)

  • Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
  • Low Sodium, Low Fat
  • High Fruits & Vegetables
  • Regular Exercise
  • Medications: Diuretics, Beta Blockers, ACE Inhibitors, Calcium Channel Blockers

3. Tuberculosis (TB) 🫁

Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Airborne transmission.

DOTS Treatment (RIPE)

  • Rifampicin (Colors urine red/orange)
  • Isoniazid (Peripheral neuropathy - give B6)
  • Pyrazinamide (Hyperuricemia/Gout)
  • Ethambutol (Optic neuritis - vision changes)

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