Medical-Surgical Nursing
"Future RN! Med-Surg is the biggest part of the board exam. Focus on pathophysiology and nursing interventions. Understand the 'Why'!"
1. Diabetes Mellitus 🩸
Type 1 (IDDM)
Insulin Dependent. Beta cells destroyed. Juvenile onset. Prone to DKA.
Type 2 (NIDDM)
Insulin Resistance. Lifestyle related. Adult onset. Prone to HHS.
Common Symptoms (3 Ps):
- Polyuria: Excessive urination
- Polydipsia: Excessive thirst
- Polyphagia: Excessive hunger
2. Hypertension 💔
"The Silent Killer". BP consistently > 140/90.
Management (DASH Diet)
- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
- Low Sodium, Low Fat
- High Fruits & Vegetables
- Regular Exercise
- Medications: Diuretics, Beta Blockers, ACE Inhibitors, Calcium Channel Blockers
3. Tuberculosis (TB) 🫁
Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Airborne transmission.
DOTS Treatment (RIPE)
- Rifampicin (Colors urine red/orange)
- Isoniazid (Peripheral neuropathy - give B6)
- Pyrazinamide (Hyperuricemia/Gout)
- Ethambutol (Optic neuritis - vision changes)
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