Law Enforcement Administration
PNP Organization, Rank Structure, Police Operations & Key Laws
Philippine National Police (PNP)
Legal Basis
- R.A. 6975 - DILG Act of 1990 (Established the PNP)
- R.A. 8551 - PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998
- R.A. 11200 - PNP Modernization Act of 2019
PNP Mission
To enforce the law, prevent and control crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure public safety and internal security with the active support of the community.
PNP Vision
A highly capable, effective, and credible police service working in partnership with a responsive community towards the attainment of a safer place to live, work, and do business.
Characteristics of an Ideal Police Officer
COPSSII (Mnemonic)
- Courage - Physical and moral bravery
- Obedience - Following lawful orders
- Patience - Tolerance in difficult situations
- Self-control - Emotional stability
- Strong physique - Physical fitness
- Intelligence - Mental acuity
- Integrity - Moral uprightness
PNP Organizational Structure
Chief, PNP (CPNP)
4-Star General - Highest ranking officer
Deputy Chief for Administration (TDCA) / Deputy Chief for Operations (TDCO)
3-Star Generals
Directorial Staff
D-Staff: Directorate for Personnel, Intelligence, Operations, Logistics, Plans, Comptrollership, etc.
National Support Units (NSUs)
CIDG, SAF, HPG, MG, DIDM, PNP Academy, etc.
Police Regional Offices (PROs)
17 Regional Offices covering all regions
Key National Support Units
CIDG
Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
SAF
Special Action Force (Counter-terrorism)
HPG
Highway Patrol Group
MG
Maritime Group
AITG
Anti-Illegal Drugs Group (formerly PDEG)
ACG
Anti-Cybercrime Group
PNP Rank Classification (R.A. 11200)
NAPOLCOM & DILG
NAPOLCOM
National Police Commission
Powers:
- Administrative control over PNP
- Formulate policies and standards
- Conduct personnel inspection
- Investigate complaints
- Hear and decide disciplinary cases
DILG
Department of the Interior and Local Government
Role:
- Overall supervision of PNP
- Secretary is ex-officio NAPOLCOM Chair
- Coordinates with LGUs on peace & order
- Policy direction over internal security
Local Chief Executive Authority
Mayors and Governors have operational supervision over PNP units in their jurisdiction for:
- Prevention of crimes
- Apprehension of criminals
- General community protection
Police Operations
Types of Police Patrol
Foot Patrol
Walking beats in congested areas
Mobile Patrol
Using vehicles (cars, motorcycles)
Horse Patrol
For crowd control and special events
Marine Patrol
Waterways and coastal areas
Patrol Methods
- Clockwise/Counterclockwise: Systematic coverage of patrol area
- Zigzag: Random pattern to prevent predictability
- Crisscross: Overlapping patrol coverage
- Straightaway: Direct route between points
Checkpoint Operations
Legal Basis: R.A. 9372 (Human Security Act), PNP Guidelines
- Must be authorized by competent authority
- Proper signage and lighting required
- Police visibility and identification
- Respect for citizens' rights
Key Police Laws
| Law | Title | Key Provisions |
|---|---|---|
| R.A. 6975 | DILG Act of 1990 | Established PNP; reorganized DILG |
| R.A. 8551 | PNP Reform Act | Strengthened NAPOLCOM; professionalized PNP |
| R.A. 9708 | PNP Scalog Act | Adjusted salary scale and benefits |
| R.A. 11200 | PNP Modernization Act | Updated rank classification system |
| R.A. 10591 | Firearms and Ammunition Act | Regulation of firearms ownership |
| R.A. 9165 | Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act | Drug enforcement and penalties |
Police Discipline & Ethics
Grave Offenses
- Serious dishonesty
- Grave misconduct
- Conduct unbecoming of a police officer
- Violating human rights
- Involvement in illegal drugs
Penalty: Dismissal from service
Less Grave Offenses
- Simple misconduct
- Insubordination
- Frequent absences
- Intoxication while on duty
Penalty: Suspension (1-6 months)
PNP Core Values
MAKAMASA (Mnemonic)
- Maka-Diyos (God-fearing)
- Aktibong pakikiisa (Active involvement)
- Katapatan sa paglilingkod (Dedication to service)
- Administrasyon (Administration)
- Makatarungan (Justice)
- Aksyon (Action)
- Serbisyo (Service)
- Asal (Conduct)