1. Basic Operations & PEMDAS 🧮
Unahin natin ang mga basics, beshy. PEMDAS ang ating gabay!
PEMDAS Rule:
- Parenthesis - Unahin ang nasa loob ng brackets
- Exponents - Powers and square roots
- Multiplication & Division - Left to right
- Addition & Subtraction - Left to right
Example: 8 + 2 × (3² - 1) = 8 + 2 × (9 - 1) = 8 + 2 × 8 = 8 + 16 = 24
2. Fractions, Decimals, Percentages 📊
Mag-convert tayo, beshy! Ito ang holy trinity ng numbers.
Conversion Cheatsheet:
- Fraction to Decimal: Divide numerator by denominator (½ = 0.5)
- Decimal to Percent: Multiply by 100 (0.75 = 75%)
- Percent to Fraction: Put over 100, simplify (25% = 25/100 = ¼)
Common Values to Memorize:
- ½ = 0.5 = 50%
- ¼ = 0.25 = 25%
- ¾ = 0.75 = 75%
- ⅓ = 0.333... = 33.33%
- ⅕ = 0.2 = 20%
3. Ratio and Proportion 🔢
Ratio is comparison, Proportion is equality ng dalawang ratios.
Example: If 3 pens cost ₱45, how much for 5 pens?
Solution: 3/₱45 = 5/x
Cross multiply: 3x = 45 × 5 = 225
x = 225/3 = ₱75
4. Simple Word Problems 📝
Tips for word problems, beshy:
- Read twice: Una, overall understanding. Pangalawa, extract numbers
- Identify keywords: "total" = add, "difference" = subtract, "product" = multiply, "quotient" = divide
- Write equations: Convert words to math symbols
- Double check: Does your answer make sense?
5. Number Series 🔗
Pattern recognition is key! Common patterns:
- Arithmetic: Same difference (2, 5, 8, 11... +3)
- Geometric: Same ratio (2, 6, 18, 54... ×3)
- Fibonacci: Sum of previous two (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8...)
- Square numbers: (1, 4, 9, 16, 25...)