Mathematics 🔢
Multiplication, Division, Fractions, Time & Measurement
What We'll Learn
1. Multiplication Tables (1-10)
What is Multiplication?
Multiplication is repeated addition. The answer is called the PRODUCT.
3 × 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12
(3 groups of 4 = 12)
Multiplication Table
| × | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 |
| 3 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 30 |
| 4 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 |
| 5 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 |
| 6 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48 | 54 | 60 |
| 7 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 42 | 49 | 56 | 63 | 70 |
| 8 | 8 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 | 72 | 80 |
| 9 | 9 | 18 | 27 | 36 | 45 | 54 | 63 | 72 | 81 | 90 |
| 10 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
Easy Multiplication Tricks
Multiply by 2
Just double the number!
7 × 2 = 7 + 7 = 14
Multiply by 5
Count by 5s or end in 0 or 5!
5, 10, 15, 20, 25...
Multiply by 10
Just add a zero!
6 × 10 = 60
Multiply by 9
Digits add up to 9!
9 × 4 = 36 (3+6=9)
2. Division Basics
What is Division?
Division is sharing equally or grouping. The answer is called the QUOTIENT.
12 ÷ 4 = 3
(12 items shared among 4 people = 3 each)
Division Parts
12 ÷ 4 = 3
Division Facts
Division is the opposite of multiplication!
3 × 4 = 12
12 ÷ 4 = 3
5 × 6 = 30
30 ÷ 6 = 5
7 × 8 = 56
56 ÷ 8 = 7
9 × 9 = 81
81 ÷ 9 = 9
3. Introduction to Fractions
What is a Fraction?
A fraction shows parts of a whole.
4
Numerator (top) - parts we have
Denominator (bottom) - total equal parts
Common Fractions
One Half
One Third
One Quarter
Three Quarters
4. Telling Time
Clock Parts
Hour Hand (Short)
Points to the hour. Moves slowly.
Minute Hand (Long)
Points to the minutes. Moves faster.
Reading Time
| Position | Minutes | How to Say |
|---|---|---|
| 12 | :00 | O'clock (e.g., 3:00 = three o'clock) |
| 3 | :15 | Quarter past (e.g., 3:15 = quarter past three) |
| 6 | :30 | Half past (e.g., 3:30 = half past three) |
| 9 | :45 | Quarter to (e.g., 3:45 = quarter to four) |
Remember: 1 hour = 60 minutes, 1 minute = 60 seconds
AM = Morning (12:00 midnight to 11:59 noon)
PM = Afternoon/Evening (12:00 noon to 11:59 midnight)
5. Measurement
Length
| Unit | Symbol | Used For | Conversion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Centimeter | cm | Small items (pencil, finger) | 100 cm = 1 m |
| Meter | m | Medium items (room, person height) | 1000 m = 1 km |
| Kilometer | km | Long distances (roads, cities) | - |
Weight (Mass)
Gram (g)
Light items: paper clip, candy
Kilogram (kg)
Heavy items: rice, person
1000 g = 1 kg
Capacity (Liquid)
Milliliter (mL)
Small amounts: medicine, teaspoon
Liter (L)
Large amounts: water bottle, gasoline
1000 mL = 1 L
6. Word Problems
Multiplication Problem:
Maria has 5 bags. Each bag has 6 apples. How many apples does she have in all?
Solution: 5 × 6 = 30 apples
Division Problem:
There are 24 candies to share among 4 children. How many candies will each child get?
Solution: 24 ÷ 4 = 6 candies each
Fraction Problem:
A pizza is cut into 8 slices. Juan ate 3 slices. What fraction did he eat?
Solution: ³⁄₈ (3 out of 8 slices)
What We Learned!
- ★Multiplication = repeated addition
- ★Division = sharing equally (opposite of ×)
- ★Fractions show parts of a whole
- ★1 hour = 60 minutes
- ★100 cm = 1 m, 1000 m = 1 km
- ★1000 g = 1 kg, 1000 mL = 1 L