1. Primary Health Care Principles 🏥
Alma-Ata Declaration (1978) - "Health for All by 2000"
Four Cornerstones of PHC
- Active community participation
- Intra and inter-sectoral linkages
- Use of appropriate technology
- Support mechanisms made available
PHC Characteristics
- Accessible
- Affordable
- Acceptable
- Available
2. Eight Essential Health Services 📋
- 1. Health Education
- 2. Locally endemic disease control
- 3. Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
- 4. Maternal and Child Health/Family Planning
- 5. Essential drugs and supplies
- 6. Nutrition
- 7. Treatment of common diseases and injuries
- 8. Safe water and sanitation
3. Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) 💉
Childhood Immunization Schedule (Philippines)
- At birth: BCG, Hepatitis B (within 24 hrs)
- 6 weeks: Penta 1, OPV 1, PCV 1, Rota 1
- 10 weeks: Penta 2, OPV 2, PCV 2, Rota 2
- 14 weeks: Penta 3, OPV 3, PCV 3, IPV
- 9 months: Measles-Rubella (MR)
- 12 months: MMR
Vaccine Storage (Cold Chain)
- Freezer (-15°C to -25°C): OPV, Measles, MMR
- Refrigerator (+2°C to +8°C): BCG, DPT, Hepatitis B, TT
- Never freeze: DPT, Hepatitis B, TT (kills vaccine)
4. Family Planning Methods 👨👩👧👦
Natural Methods
- Calendar/rhythm method
- Basal body temperature
- Cervical mucus method (Billings)
- Lactational amenorrhea (LAM)
Artificial Methods
- Pills (combined OCP, progestin-only)
- Injectable (DMPA)
- IUD (Copper T, hormonal)
- Implants, Condoms, BTL/NSV
💡 Board Exam Tips - PHC
- ✓ Remember the 8 essential health services (Mnemonic: HELEN-TSN)
- ✓ Never freeze DPT, HepB, TT vaccines!
- ✓ BCG given at birth, leaves scar (positive tuberculin reaction expected)