Reviewer for macronutrients, a core topic in the Nutritionist-Dietitian Licensure Examination.
1
The Three Macronutrients
| Macronutrient | kcal per gram | Main function |
|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | 4 | Main energy source |
| Proteins | 4 | Build & repair tissue |
| Fats | 9 | Concentrated energy, insulation |
💡 Exam Hack
Fats give the most energy per gram (9 kcal) — more than double carbs or protein (4 kcal each).
2
Carbohydrates & Proteins
Carbs are simple (sugars) or complex (starch, fiber). Proteins are made of amino acids; 9 are essential (must come from food).
3
Fats
Distinguish saturated (solid, limit) from unsaturated (liquid, healthier). Avoid trans fats.
⚠️ Common Mistake
Alcohol provides 7 kcal/g but is NOT a nutrient — it offers "empty calories".
4
Quick Calorie Math
A snack has 20 g carbs, 5 g protein, 10 g fat. Total calories?
(20×4) + (5×4) + (10×9) = 80 + 20 + 90 = 190 kcal
📌 Quick Recap — Master These
Before your exam, make sure you can confidently explain and apply each of the following:
- The Three Macronutrients
- Carbohydrates & Proteins
- Fats
- Quick Calorie Math
Re-read any section above where you hesitate.