Reviewer for Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology in the Veterinary Medicine Licensure Examination.
1
Body Systems
| System | Function |
|---|---|
| Digestive | Breaks down feed |
| Circulatory | Transports blood |
| Respiratory | Gas exchange |
| Musculoskeletal | Support & movement |
| Reproductive | Breeding |
2
Digestive Differences
Know the key types: ruminants (cattle, goats — 4-chambered stomach) vs monogastrics (pigs, dogs — single stomach).
💡 Exam Hack
Ruminant stomach order: rumen → reticulum → omasum → abomasum (the "true" stomach).
3
Comparative Physiology
Physiological values (heart rate, temperature) differ by species — essential for diagnosing illness.
4
Normal Body Temperatures
| Animal | Temp (°C) |
|---|---|
| Dog/Cat | 38.0–39.2 |
| Cattle | 38.0–39.0 |
| Horse | 37.5–38.5 |
⚠️ Common Mistake
Animal body temperatures run higher than humans — know the normals to spot fever.
📌 Quick Recap — Master These
Before your exam, make sure you can confidently explain and apply each of the following:
- Body Systems
- Digestive Differences
- Comparative Physiology
- Normal Body Temperatures
Re-read any section above where you hesitate.