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Lesson 2Grade 1

English 📚

Alphabet, Phonics, Sight Words & Reading Basics

1. The Alphabet (ABC)

26 Letters of the Alphabet

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

Capital and Small Letters

A a

Apple

B b

Ball

C c

Cat

D d

Dog

Vowels and Consonants

5 Vowels

AEIOU

These letters make special sounds!

21 Consonants

All other letters are consonants:

B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z

Remember: Every word needs at least one vowel (A, E, I, O, U)!

2. Letter Sounds (Phonics)

What Sound Does Each Letter Make?

LetterSoundExample Word
A a/æ/ like "ah"Apple, Ant, Alligator
B b/b/ like "buh"Ball, Banana, Bear
C c/k/ like "kuh"Cat, Cake, Car
D d/d/ like "duh"Dog, Door, Doll
S s/s/ like "sss"Sun, Star, Snake
M m/m/ like "mmm"Mom, Milk, Moon

Short Vowel Sounds

A
/æ/
cat, hat
E
/ɛ/
bed, red
I
/ɪ/
pig, sit
O
/ɒ/
dog, hot
U
/ʌ/
cup, sun

3. Sight Words

Sight words are common words that we need to memorize because they don't always follow phonics rules.

First 20 Sight Words

the
a
I
is
it
to
and
we
can
see
my
like
he
she
you
are
this
do
me
go

More Sight Words

has
have
look
play
come
said
here
was
what
with

Tip: Practice reading these words every day! Use flashcards and read them out loud.

4. Simple Sentences

What is a Sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that tells a complete thought. Every sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with a period (.)

Parts of a Sentence

The cat+runs fast.
WHO? (Subject)Does what? (Predicate)

Example Sentences

I can see the sun.

The dog is big.

We like to play.

She has a red ball.

Types of Sentences

Telling Sentence (.)

Tells us something.

The bird is blue.

Asking Sentence (?)

Asks a question.

Is the bird blue?

5. Reading Basics

How to Read a Word

  1. Look at each letter
  2. Say the sound of each letter
  3. Blend the sounds together
  4. Say the word!

Example: Reading "cat"

c → /k/+a → /æ/+t → /t/=CAT!

Simple Story

Sam has a cat.
The cat is fat.
The cat can run.
Sam and the cat play.

Reading Tip: Point to each word with your finger as you read. This helps you follow along!

6. Building Words

CVC Words (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant)

These are simple 3-letter words that are easy to sound out!

cat
c-a-t
dog
d-o-g
hat
h-a-t
sun
s-u-n
pig
p-i-g
cup
c-u-p
bed
b-e-d
map
m-a-p
top
t-o-p
red
r-e-d

Word Families

Words that end with the same sound belong to a word family.

-at Family

cat, hat, bat, mat, rat, sat

-og Family

dog, log, fog, hog, jog

-un Family

sun, fun, run, bun, gun

What We Learned!

  • 26 letters: A to Z
  • 5 vowels: A, E, I, O, U
  • Each letter has a sound (phonics)
  • Memorize sight words
  • Sentences start with capital, end with period
  • Blend sounds to read words