Reviewer for the Values Education (ESP) major in the LET (Secondary).
1
Foundations of Values
Values Education builds character and moral reasoning. Covers ethics, virtues, and human dignity.
2
Moral Development
Kohlberg’s stages of moral development progress from obedience (pre-conventional) to social order (conventional) to principled ethics (post-conventional).
💡 Exam Hack
Match theorists: Kohlberg → moral reasoning, Piaget → cognitive stages, Erikson → psychosocial stages.
3
Values in Action
Promote responsible decision-making, respect, honesty, and active citizenship — applying values in daily life.
4
Kohlberg in Brief
| Level | Basis of morality |
|---|---|
| Pre-conventional | Punishment & reward |
| Conventional | Social rules & approval |
| Post-conventional | Universal ethical principles |
📌 Quick Recap — Master These
Before your exam, make sure you can confidently explain and apply each of the following:
- Foundations of Values
- Moral Development
- Values in Action
- Kohlberg in Brief
Re-read any section above where you hesitate.