Reviewer for the Values Education (ESP) major in the LET (Secondary).
Foundations of Values
Values Education builds character and moral reasoning. Covers ethics, virtues, and human dignity.
Moral Development
Kohlberg’s stages of moral development progress from obedience (pre-conventional) to social order (conventional) to principled ethics (post-conventional).
Match theorists: Kohlberg → moral reasoning, Piaget → cognitive stages, Erikson → psychosocial stages.
Values in Action
Promote responsible decision-making, respect, honesty, and active citizenship — applying values in daily life.
Kohlberg in Brief
| Level | Basis of morality |
|---|---|
| Pre-conventional | Punishment & reward |
| Conventional | Social rules & approval |
| Post-conventional | Universal ethical principles |
Before your exam, make sure you can confidently explain and apply each of the following:
- Foundations of Values
- Moral Development
- Values in Action
- Kohlberg in Brief
Re-read any section above where you hesitate.