Nursing Fundamentals
"Future RN! Nursing Fundamentals is the foundation of your practice. From the Nursing Process to Basic Skills, master these and you'll be a safe and effective nurse. Let's review the essentials!"
1. The Nursing Process (ADPIE) 🔄
This is the scientific method of nursing. Bawal mag-shortcut! Always follow the steps.
💡 ADPIE Mnemonic
- Assessment: Gathering data (Subjective & Objective). The first and most critical step!
- Diagnosis: Identifying the problem (NANDA format).
- Planning: Setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound).
- Implementation: Doing the nursing interventions.
- Evaluation: Checking if goals were met.
2. Vital Signs Assessment 🌡️
Know your normal values! These are the baseline for detecting changes in patient condition.
| Vital Sign | Normal Range (Adult) | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | 36.5 - 37.5 °C | Pyrexia (Fever) > 37.5°C. Hypothermia < 36.5°C |
| Pulse Rate | 60 - 100 bpm | Tachycardia > 100. Bradycardia < 60. Apical pulse is most accurate. |
| Respiratory Rate | 12 - 20 cpm | Tachypnea > 20. Bradypnea < 12. Assess for depth and rhythm. |
| Blood Pressure | < 120/80 mmHg | Hypertension ≥ 140/90. Hypotension < 90/60. |
| Oxygen Saturation | 95 - 100% | Hypoxia < 90%. Check nail beds and capillary refill. |
3. Drug Administration Rights 💊
Patient Safety First! Never administer meds without checking the rights.
✅ The Golden Rights
- 1. Right Patient (Name & DOB)
- 2. Right Medication (Check label 3x)
- 3. Right Dose (Calculate carefully)
- 4. Right Route (PO, IV, IM, etc.)
- 5. Right Time (Frequency)
- 6. Right Documentation
- 7. Right Reason
- 8. Right Response
Test Your Knowledge! 🧠
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